Industry Overview
The cleaning services sector in Zambia offers significant opportunities for entrepreneurs. Demand cuts across homes, offices, malls, and industrial sites. With the introduction of Statutory Instrument No. 22 of 2019, the government now reserves cleaning contracts for Zambian-owned or Zambian-influenced businesses, making it critical for foreign investors to partner with locals.
The Cleaning Association of Zambia (CAZ) is the key industry body. It provides training, networks, and access to commercial contracts for members. Public institutions like NAPSA, ZAMSA, and the National Airports Corporation are now sourcing from registered local cleaning companies.
Business Registration and Licensing Requirements
1. Register with PACRA
Choose from four business structures:
- Private Limited Company (≈ K1,300)
- Public Limited Company
- Company Limited by Guarantee
- Business Name (K222.40)
Steps:
- Name search (ZMK 83) + reservation (ZMK 166)
- Fill PACRA Forms 2, 5, and 11
- Form 11 must be signed before a Commissioner of Oaths (≈ ZMK 50)
- Processing time: ~3 working days
2. Register with ZRA (TPIN + VAT)
- Apply online or manually
- Register for VAT if turnover exceeds ZMK 800,000 annually
3. Get Local Authority Licenses
- Business Levy/Permit (varies by council)
- Health Certificate: ≈ ZMK 1,400
- Fire Certificate: ≈ ZMK 1,610.50
- Premises inspection required
4. Register with NAPSA
- Mandatory for all employers
- Submit company docs, TPIN, employee NRCs
5. Workers’ Compensation
- Minimum contribution: K400/month per worker
- Covers injury/illness compensation
6. Environmental Licenses (ZEMA)
- Required for waste management or industrial cleaning
- Apply online for assessments or permits
Pricing Structure and Market Rates
Typical Rates:
- Lusaka hourly rate: K67/hour
- Monthly rate per cleaner: K3,249.52
- Sanitary bin service: K325/month per bin
Pricing Strategy:
- Factor all direct + indirect costs
- Research local competitors
- Set sustainable profit margins
Popular Services:
- Residential: Housekeeping, deep cleaning, after-build
- Commercial: Offices, malls, hospitals
- Industrial: Warehouses, factories
- Specialized: Carpet, pest control, bin maintenance
Essential Equipment & Startup Costs
Must-Have Supplies:
- Disinfectants, mops, gloves, bin liners
- Wet/dry vacuums
- Industrial scrubbers, polishers, trolley systems
- Steam cleaners, pressure washers
Estimated Startup Cost:
| Item | Cost (ZMW) |
| Cleaning tools & chemicals | 8,000 – 15,000 |
| Industrial vacuum cleaner | 6,000 – 10,000 |
| Uniforms & branding materials | 3,000 – 5,000 |
| Transport (motorbike/van) | 15,000 – 50,000 |
| Licensing/admin fees | 3,000 – 5,000 |
| Total | 35,000 – 85,000 |
Growth Strategies & Development
1. Branding & Marketing
- Professional website & social media pages
- Facebook, WhatsApp ads, and customer reviews
- Branded uniforms, vehicle wraps, and logos
2. Client Acquisition
- Referral discounts
- Partner with estate agents, hotels, and schools
- Attend CAZ events and expos
3. Deliver Consistent Service
- Train staff on safety, etiquette, and equipment
- Offer custom cleaning plans
- Track feedback and act fast
4. Join CAZ
- Get access to tenders, training, and national visibility
- Stay informed on regulatory changes
5. Expand Smart
- Offer eco-cleaning, pest control, or upholstery services
- Move into new towns or provinces
- Use scheduling and invoicing apps
- Franchise your business model
6. Financial Management
- File taxes and NAPSA on time
- Offer staff benefits to boost retention
- Get business liability insurance
- Invest in ongoing staff certification
Common Industry Challenges
- High Competition → Differentiate with service quality and branding
- Payment Delays → Use contracts with clear payment terms
- Staff Turnover → Train, motivate, and compensate fairly
- Compliance Risks → Keep licenses and records up to date
Success Tips
- Always deliver top-tier results
- Keep learning new techniques
- Build strong customer relationships
- Innovate with services and tools
